Michael University

School of Law

Bachelor of Laws (Honours)

Degree Programme

LL.B. (Hons)

Course Arrangements 2022

Accreditation

Michael University is registered with the Bahamas Ministry of Education

Approved by the Bahamas Department of Public Personnel

and has Collaboration Agreements with the

Ministry of Superior Education, Havana, the Republic of Cuba

Michael University is accredited by Havana University.

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Printed in the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

No part of this brochure may be reproduced or transmitted

in any form or by any means without pr

ior written consent of

Michael University.

Michael University

P. O. Box SS 6901

Nassau, Bahamas

E-mail address: mccuniversity@gmail.com

Curriculum Outline of the Bachelor of Laws Degree

Programme – LL.B.

Year 1 – First Semester

LLB 4112 Tort 1

LLB 4113 Law of Property 1

LLB 4115 Constitutional & Administrative Law

**Elective

Year 1 – Second Semester

LLB 4127 Tort 2

LLB 4128 English & European Union Legal Systems

LLB 4129 Legal Research and Writing

**Elective

Year 1 – Third Semester

LLB 4132 Public Law 1

LLB 4134 Commercial Law

LLB 4135 Criminal Law and Procedure 1

Year 2 – First Semester

LLB 4211 Law of Contracts 1

LLB 4214 Criminal Law and Procedure 2

LLB 4218 Effective Legal Studies

Year 2 – Second Semester

LLB 4220 Public Law 2

LLB 4224 Law of Contracts 2

LLB 4226 Legal Drafting

Year 2 – Third Semester

LLB 4230 Consumer Law

LLB 4233 Finance and Investment Law I

**Elective

Year 3 – First Semester

LLB 4311 Company Law 1

LLB 4314 Equity and the Law of Trusts I

**Elective

Year 3 – Second Semester

LLB 4326 Company Law 2

LLB 4328 Equity and the Law of Trusts 2

**Elective

Year 3 – Third Semester

LLB 4330 Ethics Morality and the Law

LLB 4331 Federal & State Constitutional Law

**Elective

Year 4 – First Semester

LLB 4410 Civil Procedure

LLB 4412 Evidence

LLB 4414 Law of Remedies

**Elective

Year 4 – Second Semester

LLB 4421 Jurisprudence

LLB 4425 Structure of Private Law

**Elective

Year 4 – Third Semester

LLB 4437 Advocacy

**Elective

Total semester hours required for graduation: 120

PR O F IL E O F

M ic h a e l U n iv e r sit y

PHILOSOPHY & HISTORY

Michael University is a unique private learning organization of higher education based in

Nassau, Bahamas, on New Providence Island. The philosophy of Michael University is to

promote a better world through educational and cultural encounters.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY is registered with the Bahamas Ministry of Education. The

Institute is also an Executive Member of the Association of Tertiary Institutions in The Bahamas,

which is the body responsible for promoting acceptable standards in tertiary institutions.

The Institute was founded in 1979 by Dr. Kevin J. Turnquest, Chancellor of the Institute;

Justice Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica; and the late Sir Leonard Knowles, first Chief

Justice of The Bahamas.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY offers courses leading to certificates, diplomas, vocational, as

well as academic programmes. In 1999, the MICHAEL UNIVERSITY offered the Associate’s,

Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Programmes in International Trust Administration as well as the

Master’s Degree Programme in Investment Management as part of its mission to make education

affordable and convenient for all students locally and internationally. Since then, MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY has increased its course offerings to include other degree programmes, namely,

but not limited to:

Bachelor’s Degree Programmes:

BSc in Business Administration Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)

BSc in Human Resources Management BSc in Accounting

BSc in Public Administration BSc in Maritime Studies

BSc in Pharmacy BSc in Psychology

BSc in Management Information Systems BA in Architecture

BSc in Tourism & Hospitality Management BSc in Facility Management

BSc in Public Health Administration with EMS

Master’s Degree Programmes:

MSc in Architecture

MSc in Clinical Pharmacy

MSc in Management Information Systems

Master of Business Administration with different areas of specialization, including:- Human

Resources Management, Public Administration, Accounting, Health Services Administration,

Global Marketing, International Banking, Plant Management.

Doctoral Degree Programmes:

Educational Leadership Human Resources Management

Public Health Administration Guidance & Counselling

Organizational Leadership Psychology

Environmental Sciences, Studies & Policy Clinical Psychology

In addition, the Institute offers courses and workshops in adult education and worldwide

seminars. In short, our educational efforts are relevant to people of all ages and backgrounds,

stressing a multicultural, ethical, and environmental approach.

The Institute is particularly suitable for the 'Global Village'. A central concept in our

educational philosophy is that people of the world have the fundamental right to know what is

going on. The Institute is also very concerned with ethics and the environment in all of our

endeavors. Therefore, courses in all of these areas are offered to foster a common base of

understanding and operation amongst our community.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY has formed an internal Quality Assurance Committee to assist

in the provision of outstanding education in certificate, diploma, undergraduate, graduate and

professional areas by fostering the improvement of quality in education and all related services

provided. This internal Quality Assurance Committee reports to the Board of Governors of the

Institute, who oversees the Committee’s operations. This Committee aims to ensure that there

are appropriate procedures for the assurance of quality within the Institute and for the promotion

of quality improvement in both teaching and non-teaching areas for the benefit of students,

locally and globally.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY is a part of the new global community, and is, as noted,

multicultural in outlook. The Institute sees itself as being part of the frontiers of the new

international information age. The selection of texts and other international literature to

accompany our curricula, our methods including audio and visual aids, telecourses, on-site

seminars, and our immense efforts to bring together students from diverse cultures all over the

world are all part of our multicultural philosophy.

Part of our goals is to help develop a world of peaceful existence and environmental

sustenance, while calling all cultures to unite.

GOVERNING BOARD & EXECUTIVE MEMBERS OF

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY

Captain Anthony J. Allens, PhD. Retired Defence Force Officer; One of Three Bahamians

to receive the Gallantry Military Award; Acted as

Commodore several times; A Bahamian Hero by right.

Vice Chancellor

Dr. Alfredo Armenteros Vice President of International Cultural &

Business Affairs and Deputy Vice Chancellor

Dr. Richard Demeritte CA, FCCA, FAIA, CFE; Former Auditor-General of The

Bahamas, former Ambassador Extra-Ordinary and

Plenipotentiary of The Bahamas to Bel

gium, Germany,

France, European Economic Community and the United

Kingdom

Deputy Chairman of Board of Governors; Dean

of the School of Business

Dr. Emily Osadebay Dean of Academic Affairs and Dean of the School

of Public Health

Mr. Colin Bobb-Semple Dean of Michael University School of Law

Dr. Pansy Brown Dean of the Graduate School

Dr. Oscar L.G. Wade Academic Registrar

Mr. Wellington Miller President of The Bahamas Olympic As

sociation;

Board Member

Mr. Robert Farquharson Ge

neral Secretary, National Congress of Trade Unions in

The Bahamas

Public Relations and Strategical Planning

Dr. Richard Clark, Ed.D. Director of Technology, Stroudsburg Area School

District, Pennsylvania, USA

Dean of International Affairs & Chairperson of

Curriculum Committee

Dr. Frank Chatonda International Chief Information Officer

Dr. Robert Vrancken Retired Associate Professor of Management, Grand

Val

ley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan;

Facilities Management Expert

an of the School of Science

EXECUTIVE ADVISOR & BOARD MEMBER

Ms. Kendolyn Cartwright Attorney-at-Law; President Emeritus of Michael

University

OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION

Mr. Gary Anderson, USA President of Michael University School of Technology

Mr. Charles Johnson, USA Dean of Michael University School of Technology and

Chief Technology Officer of Michael University

Ms. Elizabeth Chea, CPA Head of Bursary & Finance

Dr. Oscar L.G. Wade Head of Administration

OTHER FACULTY MEMBERS

Dr. Olga Castaneda, MD

Dr. Miriam Cires, MD

Professor Edita Fernandez Manzano, MD

Dr. Caridad Sedeno Argilagos, MD

Dr. Olga Sonia Leon Fernandez, MD

Dr. Caridad Sedeno Argilagos, MD

Dr. Eduardo Fernandez Sanchez, MD

Dr. Manuel Alvarez Gil, MD

Dr. Genevieve Ibisi Ragland, MD

Dr. Armando Cuellar, MD

(Michael University has over 380 faculty members, 75% of whom are Ph.D. holders)

COMPANIES TRAINED BY

Michael University

Michael University’s clientele include the following:

American Eagle Lloyd’s Bank International Ltd.

Americas International Bank Corporation Lyford Cay Club

Ansbacher (Bahamas) Ltd. Magistrate’s Court No. 3

Arner Bank & Trust McKinney Bancroft & Hughes

Atlantic First Insurance Co. MeesPierson (Bahamas) Ltd.

Bacardi & Co. Ltd. Morgan Trust Co. of The Bahamas Ltd

Bahamas Customs Morymor Trust Corporation

Bahamas Hotel Employers Association Oceanic Bank & Trust Ltd.

Bahamas Water & Sewerage Corporation Nassau Beach Hotel

Banco CCF Brasil S. A. Nassau Marriott Hotel

Banco Santander Trust & Banking (Bah.) Nassau Motor Company, Ltd.

Bank Leu Ltd. Nassau Branch Nordfinanz Bank

Bank of The Bahamas Ltd. Office of The Attorney General

BankAmerica Trust & Banking Corp. Office of The Prime Minister

BankBoston Trust Co. Ltd. Offshore Management Ltd.

British American Bank Pepsi Cola (Bahamas) Bottling Co.

Burns House Ltd. Price Waterhouse

Butler & Sands Princess Casinos, Freeport

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Purity Bakery

Caribbean Bottling Co. (Bahamas) Ltd Registrar General Department

Catering & Service Employment Agency Royal Bahamas Defence Force

Central Bank of The Bahamas Royal Bahamas Police Force

Chase Manhattan Private Bank & Trust Royal Bank of Canada Trust Co. (Bahamas) Ltd

Citco Bank & Trust Royal Bank of Scotland

Citibank, N.A. Royal Holiday Club

Cititrust (Bahamas) Ltd S. G. Hambros Bank & Trust (Bahamas) Ltd

City Market Ltd. Sandals Hotel

Comfort Suites Sentinel Bank & Trust

Commonwealth Bank Solomon Bros., Ltd.

Commonwealth Brewery Limited Solomon Group of Companies

Commonwealth Building Supplies Sovereign (Bahamas) Limited

Compass Point (Island Outpost) Star Insurance Co. (Bahamas)

Credit Suisse (Bahamas) Ltd. Sterling Products Limited

D. Allison Prowell & Co. (Trinidad) Sun International

Darier, Hentsch Private Bank & Trust Ltd. Sun Manufacturing Co.

Deloitte & Touche (Bahamas) Ltd. Super Clubs Breezes Bahamas

Ernst & Young Chartered Accountants Supreme Court Judges

Esso Standard Oil S.A. Ltd. Supreme Court Registry

Federal Express Surety Bank & Trust Company Ltd.

Ferrier Lullin Bank & Trust (Bahamas) Ltd. Swiss Bank Corporation (Overseas)

Finter Bank & Trust (Bahamas) Taylor Industries, Ltd.

Flameless Electrical Contracting Co. Ltd. Templeton Global Advisors

Freeport Harbour Co., Freeport Texaco Bahamas Ltd.

Gordon, Gordon & Co. (St. Lucia) The Bank of Nova Scotia & Scotiatrust

Gottardo Trust Company The Deltec Banking Corp.

Hottinger Bank & Trust The Grand Bahama Port Authority, Freeport

Hurricane Liquor Store The Lyford Cay Club

IberAtlantico Bank & Trust The Nassau Guardian (1844) Ltd.

IBM Bahamas Ltd. The Tribune

Impact Images Thorand Trust & Management Ltd.

Imperial Life Assurance Company Trade Union Congress

Imperial Life Financial Wendy’s Restaurants

Inter-American Development Bank Workers Bank Ltd.

Jacharic Holdings Ltd. Unibanco S.A.

John Bull Ltd. Valdy Administration Company

Kelly’s Home Centre Winterbotham Trust Company

Leopold Joseph (Bahamas) Ltd. ZNS Broadcasting Corporation of The

Bahamas

These are only some of the organisations for whom, in many cases, Michael University had to

design customised programmes.

On November 4th and 5th, 1999, MICHAEL UNIVERSITY conducted a TRUST

LITIGATION WORKSHOP for the Supreme Court Judges in the Bahamas, including the Chief Justice

of The Bahamas. Professor David Hayton, MA, LLB, LLD, Barrister & Recorder at King’s College –

University of London, UK, facilitated this workshop.

Also, on March 30th and 31st, 2000, MICHAEL UNIVERSITY conducted an INSOLVENCY

WORKSHOP for the Supreme Court Judges in the Bahamas. This workshop was facilitated by

Professor Harry Rajak, Dean and Professor of Law at the University of Sussex, UK and the Director of

Insolvency Division at the University of Sussex.

Following is a list of the Supreme Court Judges who participated in one or both of the above-

mentioned workshops:

Her Ladyship Dame Joan A. Sawyer, DBE, Chief Justice of The Bahamas

The Honourable Mr. Justice Emmanuel E. Osadebay

The Honourable Mr. Justice Ricardo Marques

The Honourable Mr. Justice Joseph Alfred

The Honourable Mr. Justice Hartman Longley

The Honourable Mrs. Justice Anita Allen

The Honourable Mr. Justice John Lyons (Freeport)

The Honourable Mr. Justice Stanley Moore

The Honourable Mr. Justice Milton Ganpatsingh (Freeport)

The Honourable Mr. Justice Malcolm Adderley

The Honourable Mrs. Justice Judith Whitehead

On December 10

, 2000, The Rt. Hon. Lord Woolf, Chief Justice of England and Wales

addressed MICHAEL UNIVERSITY's students and distinguished guests on the topic “The Additional

Responsibilities of the Judiciary in the 21

Centenary”.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY has trained a number of international students locally in its degree

programmes, including students from St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago, China and Germany.

Introduction to the Bachelor of Laws (Honours)

Degree Programme

LL.B. (Honours)

Law impacts on all aspects of life today and a law degree such as the LL.B. (Honours)

provides an excellent basis and training for careers in a wide variety of areas including

administration, business, the media, social work, etc. The LL.B. contains all the subjects

needed for entrance examinations to the legal professions (solicitors and barristers),

subject to prevailing entry rules in various countries. By choosing certain subjects

students can become eligible for exemptions in relation to entry to the legal profession

in England and Wales. The LLB is also excellent preparation for work in a legal advisory

capacity in the private or public sector.

This programme is structured so as to facilitate those with work responsibilities and

may be taken over four years. Applications are particularly welcomed from graduates/

professionals of several years standing.

Our qualifying LL.B. (Hons) law degree is designed to give students an excellent

foundation in all of the key areas of law. This degree programme provides you with a

grounding in law whilst at the same time allowing you develop your own areas of special

interest.

We offer a professional, intimate, friendly, and stimulating environment for you to study

in. We encourage our students to take part in all areas of the law outside of everyday

teaching. Our LL.B. is registered and approved by The Bahamas Ministry of Education.

Studying law is stimulating in its own right but it’s also a smart career move. A law

degree is a first and necessary step if you want to practise law professionally. It’s also an

asset for many careers that are not directly related to law. For instance, roles in finance,

human resources, local government or general management all benefit from a legal

background, whether in corporate business, local and central government or the

voluntary sector.

On successful completion of this Bachelor of Laws Programme you will have a legal

awareness that allows you to understand and apply the law, together with skills of legal

analysis and methods.

The LLB Degree programme contains some comparison of English law with the law of

other UK and EU countries. It also includes references from Bahamian law.

The priority of MICHAEL UNIVERSITY is to help you develop the professional skills

and knowledge you need, and employers truly value. We’re not an ‘ancient’ university

and wouldn’t want to be. What excites us is providing a quality of teaching and research

that makes a difference to the world – today and tomorrow.

Message from the Chancellor

Many individuals are coming more and more to appreciate the value of education, for education

is the key which unlocks all the treasure chests of the human wisdom which has accumulated

from the beginning of man’s long sojourn on the planet. At the same time, it does not stand

alone: it must be linked with integrity. Otherwise, we would be producing clever devils.

However, it is difficult to separate education from integrity, because one of the things which

education draws out is integrity.

There is a difference between education and training. A well-trained pe

rson is one who follows

the precepts of his training faithfully. A well-educated person is one who has learnt to think for

himself, applying to every new situation the lessons, which he has learnt from all the disciplines,

which he has studied.

My personal commitment to your success is your assurance of quality courses of study, which

are designed to provide you with the best in modern curricula leading to the courses of higher

education that you seek.

We are committed to direct you, step-by-step, toward your own personal academic goals. Our

determinat

ion to provide men and women with accessible, useful and affordable higher

education remains as strong today as the first day the idea of our Institute was born. Service to

you is our first principle, indeed, our only principle.

Together with our faculty, counsellors and staff, I share an active interest in your success,

because ultimately we will become the intellectual reflection of the other.

I invite your comments, criticisms and ideas in the days and months ahead. I welcome them as I

now welcome you. Our futures are linked and I hope you feel the pride I do in that fa

ct. Make

the most of it, and, I assure you, we will do the same!

Sincerely,

Chancellor

ADMISSIONS & ADVANCED STANDING

ADMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY will accept applications continuously throughout the year.

However, the Bachelor of Laws may be started at the beginning of the Semester, that is, Fall,

Winter, Spring or Summer.

ADMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREE STUDENTS

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY's LL.B. Degree programme is open to applicants 21 years and

older who hold a high school diploma, who can benefit from post-secondary education and who

are mature enough to manage the responsibilities imposed by the Institute's studies. The

Bachelor of Laws Degree candidate must also hold a Bachelor’s Degree from a reputable

institution in order to be accepted into this programme.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS' ADMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY welcomes students from other countries. English is the

language of all instructions and examinations at MICHAEL UNIVERSITY; therefore students

will be expected to demonstrate English language proficiency prior to enrolment as well.

All admissions documents must be received at least 30 days prior to the start of the initial

term of enrolment. All official transcripts, once received, become the property of MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY and a part of the student's permanent file. They may not be released for any

reason.

International applicants will be notified by mail of their acceptance to MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY.

STANDARD ADMISSIONS PROCEDURES

The procedures to be followed by all students to gain admission to MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY are as follows:

1. Meet with an academic advisor to select an educational objective and complete initial

enrolment;

2. Complete and sign the application form;

3. Submit the non-refundable application fee;

4. Request official transcripts from all previously attended institutions;

5. Submit all admissions documents relevant to the respective programmes, together with

the admission application form and fee to the local site office, or mail to: Office of

Admissions, Michael University, P. O. Box SS-6901, Nassau, Bahamas.

ADVANCED STANDING FOR DEGREE PROGRAMMES ONLY

As learning occurs in many different ways, MICHAEL UNIVERSITY offers a

programme, which will enable students to earn college credits for learning acquired through

documented experiential learning. Through this programme, MICHAEL UNIVERSITY

translates certain types of demonstrable adult learning experiences into college credits, the

measurement units of higher education.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY will award credits to students who can demonstrate the

attainment of skills and knowledge equivalent to those expected of persons satisfactorily

completing specified portions of a degree programme by means other than formal classroom

instruction or sponsored, supervised, out-of-class learning. For instance, those individuals who

have been away from formal education for some time may want to complete this procedure by

writing a portfolio to be evaluated for credits toward the degree programme.

Students who choose to prepare for this advanced standing programme must first

complete all the steps in the admissions procedure. A minimum of six credits at MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY must be completed, then the student enrols in the advanced standing programme

in which the student learns the specific skills needed in the identification, articulation, and

documentation of their prior learning experience. Employment, volunteer activities, hobbies,

travel and other experiences are analyzed closely for their identifiable skill and knowledge base.

Students are taught how to quantify such informal learning. The purpose of the course is to

guide the student in the development of a portfolio to be presented for evaluation of credit.

To receive credit for enrolment in this advanced standing course, students must complete

a satisfactory first draft of a portfolio by the end of the course. Thereafter the final portfolio is

submitted to a review committee for evaluation. The course is graded on a Pass/No Pass basis.

Any student who applies for advanced standing must complete the above admission

process and submit all documentation, including official transcripts, certified copies of

certificates and a comprehensive resume to MICHAEL UNIVERSITY.

In addition, you must submit the following for evaluation:

An official detailed description of materials covered by the course(s) that you feel

are equivalent to the topics you would like to be exempt from, which includes a

breakdown of the number of hours spent on each of the materials.

The number of hours in the academic term that were reserved for classes and

lab assignments.

The prerequisites for the course(s).

FINANCIAL POLICIES

Students who enrol at MICHAEL UNIVERSITY assume responsibility for the payment

of all tuition and fees. MICHAEL UNIVERSITY reserves the right to change the tuition and fee

schedule for any given term without prior notice. After the beginning of a term for the degree

programmes, no changes in tuition or fees will be made which affect that term.

As MICHAEL UNIVERSITY is a private, non-profit organisation, the costs associated

with the operation of the Institute and its academic programmes are supported mainly by tuition

and fee revenues.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY reserves the right to cancel the enrolment of any student

failing to meet the financial obligations incurred by registration. However, this action may not

cancel the financial obligations the student incurred by virtue of enrolment. MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY further reserves the right to withhold grades, statement of honourable dismissal,

transcript of record or diploma; or withhold the right of registration for a subsequent term or

course, until all outstanding charges have been paid, and the student’s account has been cleared.

REFUND POLICY

Tuition is not refundable except when the student officially withdraws from a course, nor

will refunds be granted after the term to which the tuition and fees apply. Students who are

withdrawn from a class or classes for disciplinary reasons or a breach of conduct forfeit the right

to a refund of any portion of their tuition fees.

No refunds will be made until after request in writing to the Office of the Registrar has

been received. The date the letter of request has been received will determine the amount, if any,

of the refund to be paid.

Tuition Refund Schedule

Class Type Amount of Refund

50% 25% 0%

3-month term 1-7 Days 8-28 Days 29+ Days

FEES & CHARGES: BAHAMIAN DOLLARS

Application Fee $100.00

Late Registration Fee $ 50.00

Bachelor’s Degree – Annual Fees - for Bahamian & Caribbean Students only:

 First Year $26,000.00

 Second Year $12,000.00

 Third Year $12,000.00

 Fourth Year $12,000.00

International Students only: $26,000.00 annually

Returned Cheque $ 25.00

Duplicate ID Card $ 10.00

Official Transcript of Student’s Record

First copy $ 5.00

Additional copies of same order, each $ 2.00

Graduation Fee $300.00

ACADEMIC POLICIES

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY reserves the right to change existing academic policies or to

develop new ones regarding the relationship between itself and those who enrol in its

programmes. This includes tuition and fee schedules, enrolment, programme and course

offerings, graduation requirements, and registration policies and procedures.

Those students admitted to MICHAEL UNIVERSITY agree to be governed by such

policies as are established by the Institute's Board of Governors and administration. The

continuation of enrolment by students, their award of academic credit and the conferring upon

them of degrees and certificates are subject to the disciplinary authority of the Institute.

DEGREE & CERTIFICATE COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS

A student is eligible to graduate, or receive a certificate, from MICHAEL UNIVERSITY

if he/she has satisfactorily met the following general requirements:

1. Satisfied all admissions requirements;

2. Completed all degree, major and certificate requirements;

3. Achieved the minimum cumulative grade point average – (2.0 for undergraduate

programmes and 3.0 for graduate programmes) - for all course work completed at

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY;

4. Fulfilled all financial obligations to MICHAEL UNIVERSITY; and

5. Submitted the graduation application and paid the graduation fee.

CREDIT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LL.B. DEGREE

The Bachelor of Laws Degree Programme with MICHAEL UNIVERSITY requires a

completion of 120 approved semester credits over a four-year period.

STUDENTS’ POLICIES & RESPONSIBILITIES

When a student enrolls at MICHAEL UNIVERSITY, he/she is given an orientation

session about the Institute, its policies, course requirements and what is expected of the student

during his/her time at the Institute. An orientation booklet including the class schedule is

presented to the student.

Students are responsible for completing all degree requirements. They will be informed

of any changes in the Institute’s policies and curricula for their duration at the Institute. The

Office of the Registrar will be responsible for updating students of any changes.

Students of MICHAEL UNIVERSITY are entitled to freedom of speech, peaceful

assembly and the right of appeal. The students are also entitled to obligations, which are given

them by being members of the Institute.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY’s disciplinary policies are in the best interest of the Institute,

its staff and the students. Those students, whose behaviour is disruptive to the Institute and its

primary purposes of teaching and learning, will be subject to appropriate disciplinary actions or

expulsion. The disciplinary policies extend to sexual harassment and substance abuse. Any

student or staff found in breach of MICHAEL UNIVERSITY’s policies, given ample evidence,

will be subject to disciplinary action or expulsion.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY’s disciplinary policies also extend to students who are

dishonest with their course work, which include cheating, plagiarism, and working in

consultation with other students on projects, case analysis and assignments without prior consent

of the instructor.

The instructors are responsible for assessing students’ course work and examinations. If

the student has a grievance, he/she may discuss it first with the instructor. The student also has

the right to appeal to the Examination Committee should there be a discrepancy with their

grades. Further, if the student is unsatisfied with the result of the Examination Committee,

he/she may make a further appeal to the President of the Institute within ten days, after which the

decision of the President is final. If an appeal is not made to the President within the mentioned

time frame, the decision of the Examination Committee will stand as final.

ASSESSMENT POLICIES

EXAMINATIONS

An Examination Committee oversees the entire process and organisation of exams. The

Committee is appointed by MICHAEL UNIVERSITY’s Governing Board.

REGISTRATION OF EXAMINATIONS

1. Each student must, at the end of the semester, register for exams for the course, which

he/she has an attendance totalling the credit hours attached to the course. Failure to

attend up to 75% of the credit hours in a particular course disqualifies a student to sit for

the examination.

2. A course would be examined by one or more of the following:

I. Course work and Attendance 15%

II. Written or Oral Test 30%

III. Seminars 5%

IV. Final Examinations 50%

100%

3. Any student who failed to register and sit for a course is deemed to have failed the

course, unless the Institute, on reason, grants permission as the Institute might accept to

be appropriate.

4. Any student who has been absent from the Institute during the course of the programme

for any reason, either because of illness or other reasons and whose participation and

performance is unsatisfactory, would be barred from taking the Institute’s exams.

5. Any student who has failed during the teaching process of the course to carry out his/her

course work, tests or any method of course assessment cannot be awarded a grade higher

than a C, irrespective of his/her performance in the final exams.

6. Students who for serious reasons as illness or family affliction have been unable to write

one or more exams, may receive permission from the exam committee to defer the exam

to the next supplemental examination. Evidence for such reason to cause deferment of

exams must be produced to the Institute’s Governing Board.

7. Students are reminded that cheating in any examination is considered a serious offence,

which could lead to expulsion from the Institute, or loss of a session or semester as the

Institute deems fit.

THE CREDIT SYSTEM

The Institute has attached its credit rating to each course. Each credit rating for a course

indicates the hours, which a student is required to put in a week. The total credit rating required

in a course would be attached during the process of course registration.

REPEATING UNDERGRADUATE EXAMS AND COURSES

The first exam resit limits the core to a loss of 10% of all exams; the second exam resit

limits the core to a loss of 15% of all exams; and failure of the second resit results in a repeat of

the program.

Students may repeat a course for which a grade of C or lower is received. However,

courses for which a grade of A or B is received, may not be repeated. When determining the

GPA for a course, both the first and second grades will count. In this case, only the initial hours

will count toward the degree requirements.

THE POINT OR GRADING SYSTEM

A grade of C or better is required for all courses which are pre-requisites to further

courses in the student’s primary programme. Only one grade of D will be tolerated in the

student’s primary core programme, provided that the course is not a pre-requisite to further

courses in the programme.

The student’s standing will be determined on the basis of the annual grade point average

(GPA) as thus:

2.0 or better Satisfactory Standing

1.5 – 1.99 Probationary Standing

1.49 – 0 Unsatisfactory Standing

(Students in this category will be advised by their

academic advisor on how to better their grades.)

EXAMINATION MARKINGS

1. Course Markings:

All courses will be graded by letters which are defined in percentages as follows; and

please note that these letter grades are the basis for grading students’ final examinations and

calculating students’ GPAs at the end of each semester.

Percentage Letter Grade Description

90% – 100% A Distinction

80% - 89% B Very Good

70% - 79% B- Good

60% - 69% C Satisfactory

50% - 59% D Pass

Below 50% F Fail

2. Final Examination:

The final examination mark is the average of all of the marks submitted by individual

examiners. All of the examinations will be graded by letter grades only. These letter grades are

defined as follows:

Letter Grade Description Points

A Distinction 4.0

B Very Good 3.0

B- Good 2.5

C Satisfactory 2.0

D Pass 1.5

F Fail 0

Average marks are determined by averaging the point values of all grades submitted and

converting the result to a letter grade.

Important Note: All examination results from the course examination to the final

examination must be approved and adopted by the Institute’s Governing Board before it can be

accepted as Official Institute result.

NOTIFICATION OF RESULTS

At the end of each course examination, students will be notified of their exam results in

points and letter grades, which help the students to keep track of their GPA throughout the

duration of their course.

However, on completion of their various courses, which is their final examination, they

will be notified of their results after having completed all other requirements for the award of the

Institute, in degrees categories which is based on the letter grade/points on their final

examination. These categories are as follows:

Categories Points

I. First Class 3.6 – 4.0

II. Second Class

(A) Upper Division 3.0 – 3.5

(B) Lower Division 2.6 – 2.99

III. Third Class 2.5

IV. Pass (Non-continuation Pass) 1.5

V. Fail 0

Please note that for the award of Bachelor of Laws Degree, Section 2 - Final

Examinations under Examinations applies, after all requirements for the award of the honours

have been fulfilled. These requirements include:

I. Accepted pre-requisite to the Bachelor of Laws Degree Programme.

II. Completion of the Institute’s approved credit ratings.

III. At least 75% participation in all courses leading to the award of the Bachelor of

Laws Degree.

IV. MICHAEL UNIVERSITY Board’s approval of their final exams and finally the

award of the Bachelor of Laws Degree Honours.

IMMIGRATION REQUIREMENTS

All foreign students are required to complete Form 1 “Application to Reside or to Engage

in Gainful Occupation” provided by the Bahamas Immigration Department. Students are

required to submit the following documents with this form:

 Two (2) passport size photographs with signature on reverse of prints

 Police certificate covering five (5) years’ residence

 Medical certificate dated not earlier than 30 days before the completion of Form 1

 Two (2) testimonials of good character

 Bank reference.

Note that Form 1 must also be notarised by either a Commissioner of Oaths, Notary

Public, or Justice of the Peace. The B$4 stamp will be provided by MICHAEL UNIVERSITY

upon receipt of the student’s application.

Upon receipt of Form 1 and the above-mentioned documents, MICHAEL UNIVERSITY

will forward them to the Bahamas Immigration Department for processing of the student’s visa.

All students are required to possess a student visa before entering the Bahamas to study. This

process may take up to six weeks or longer.

LIBRARY FACILITIES

In accordance with the Articulation Agreement, dated June 22, 2005, between MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY and the Ministry of Superior Education [MES], Cuba, Article 2: "All of

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY's students and lecturers that take part in the academic exchange will

have access to all universities' libraries and scientific and technical materials in MES

organisations for the development of this agreement." As a result, MICHAEL UNIVERSITY’s

students will have facilitated access to all Universities in Cuba under this agreement.

All students enrolled at MICHAEL UNIVERSITY have full access to the libraries at the

Institute of The Bahamas, according to their letter of agreement to MICHAEL UNIVERSITY.

Students are also encouraged to use the library facilities on-line (Internet) whenever

possible. Such library facilities are available at a reasonable cost to the student. However, their

research materials are phenomenal.

Students may access the following web sites or another of their own choosing:

www.sannet.gov/public-library – San Diego Public Library

www.acm.org/dl – ACM Digital Library

www.questia.com

www.highbeam.com – Professional Research hub

SERVICES

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY specializes in consultancy for the management of social change and

the delivery of services, and in advice on financial and planning systems. It also organises

training and staff development in support of new methods and systems within a framework of

non-discriminatory practice.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY is a multi-disciplinary, multi-racial organisation which is able to draw

on a pool of consultants with experience at the highest levels of the professions, management,

accountancy and new technology. It works, not through the delivery of neat packages of advice,

training etc., but through investing time with client organisations of the identification of needs,

the specification of objectives and the development of operational plans to achieve desired goals.

It places a special emphasis on follow-up on the monitoring of progress towards implementation

and on the evaluation of change.

Through its Divisional structure MICHAEL UNIVERSITY works with a diverse range of public,

voluntary and private employers across the fields of Management development, Corporate

planning, Education, and Marketing to assist in the development of an organisational human

resources department at a time of considerable social change.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY is also an international organisation. It has carried out much work in

Europe and is particularly concerned with the impact of the open European market of 1992. Its

wider international contracts have focused on the relationships between the third world and

western societies.

WORKING PRINCIPLES

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY works with its clients on the basis of four key principles:

QUALITY, EFFICIENCY, EQUITY and CREATIVITY

QUALITY is a prime concern for any organisation, whether in the private or public sector.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY works with client organisations on the achievement of high quality

delivery systems, which ensure that the services actually delivered to people are of the best

possible standard.

EFFICIENCY is essential to the survival and growth of all organisations over the next decade.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY assists its client organisations in the development of systems of

financial and resource management, which harness new technological and financial

developments to the fulfillment operational and social objectives.

EQUITY in service provision is fundamental to the improvement of performance. MICHAEL

UNIVERSITY specializes in working on the implementation in practice of the policies designed

to remove inequalities, on the basis of race, gender and class, which have been adopted by many

service-providing organisations.

CREATIVITY is a quality which is often undervalued or even discouraged by the procedures

and practices of large institutions. The release of creative power is, however, a precondition of

successful adaptation in a period of rapid change. MICHAEL UNIVERSITY helps

organisations to identify the creative potential they contain, often in the form of change-agents at

medium and lower levels of the organisation. It works with organisations on devising methods

by which such creativity can be released for the benefit of the organisation and the people whom

it serves.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY believes in an 'action orientated' approach designed to identify and

achieve objectives and required change. It is particularly concerned to assist senior management

in the identification and understanding of social and organisational change; and the establishing

of achievable targets for progress and growth.

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY realises that many staff and managers are resistant to change and

development (particularly within the field of Equality issues) because they are unsure of the

consequences and unclear as to what is expected of them and whether they will achieve the

required support to develop new skills, policies, practices and management styles.

No organisation can achieve its maximum efficiency without considering the social context

within which it operates, the composition and needs of the staff who deliver the service and the

broad short term and long term objectives which it aims to achieve. It is in this context that

MICHAEL UNIVERSITY can make a distinct and high quality contribution.

Michael University

School of Law

Bachelor of Laws (Honours) Degree

LL.B. (Hons)

DETAILED COURSE OUTLINES 2014

LLB 4112 Tort 1 (3 cr)

This course examines and analyzes the general theories of tort liability for injuries to

persons or property: intentional misconduct, negligence, and strict liability. The course

may also introduce principles and theories of products liability. Defenses to all theories

of liability are also covered. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4113 Law of Property I (3 cr)

This is a two-semester introductory course which studies the basic elements of the law

of real and personal property. Topics in personal property may include ownership and

possession, finders' rights, bailments, bona fide purchasers, gifts, bank accounts, and

accession. Topics involving real property include adverse possession, estates and future

interests, marital interests, concurrent ownership, and landlord-tenant law. This course

may also include other topics which are covered in more detail in upper level electives:

nuisance law, zoning, constitutional limitations on public land use regulations, eminent

domain, private land use restrictions (easements, licenses, servitudes), and real estate

conveyancing and recording. The Bahamas’ version of law of property will also be

reviewed. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4115 Constitutional & Administrative Law (3 cr)

This course features are designed to illuminate complex legal principles and promote

solid understanding and confidence in legal study. Students will gain a firm grasp of the

essential concepts as well as an awareness of important recent developments in the law.

This course offers students a comprehensive, clear and straightforward account of the

law in the core subjects of the LLB degree. It provides an authoritative account on

public law in the United Kingdom and includes powers of the state, the work of

government, and the liberties of the individual. It also focuses on the public laws of the

Bahamas and other countries in the Caribbean region.

This course includes essential principles and well illustrated approaches to aid students’

understanding of the subject. Full references to primary sources, books and scholarly

articles provide an invaluable basis for studying the current law and a platform for

further research. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4127 Tort 2 (3 cr)

This course is a continuation of Tort 1 and examines and analyzes the general theories of

tort liability for injuries to persons or property: intentional misconduct, negligence, and

strict liability. The course will also introduce principles and theories of products

liability, nuisance, defamation, misrepresentation, and invasion of privacy. Defenses to

all theories of liability are also covered. (Prerequisite: LLB 4112)

LLB 4128 English & European Union Legal Systems (3 cr)

This course is designed to give students a thorough grounding in vital principles, cases

and legislation. This course covers an account of the main sources of English law; the

personnel of the law and the main aspects of civil and criminal procedure. The course

analyzes important developments such as the Civil Procedure Rules (1998) and the

Labour government's radical reform proposals for the judiciary, the legal profession, the

jury and the legal aid system. It covers the administration of the English legal system

and the domestic sources of English law. Increasingly, however, laws that do not derive

from domestic legal sources affect the English legal system. In order to obtain a full

appreciation and understanding of the operation of the English legal system, it is

essential that students understand the full impact of European law upon the domestic

legal system. This will involve a discussion of the various aspects of EU law and the

effects of the Human Rights Act 1998, before which, we need to establish the differences

between these two sources of European law. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4129 Legal Research and Writing (3 cr)

This course will concentrate on enhancing students’ writing, reasoning and research

skills through drafting documents essential to the practice of law in a small or medium-

sized law firm. The course will focus on creating professional documents through

recognition of purpose and audience, effective organization, sound legal reasoning,

clarity of writing and effective revision. Students will be taught how to refine the

research, analytical, and writing to expand their legal communication skills through

drafting documents for clients, courts and other counsel. Students will be evaluated on

a series of written exercises and at least one major writing assignment. This course will

build upon basic legal research skills. The tools of legal research, including technology

based sources, will be investigated in detail. Legislative History, research in specialized

areas of law, and non-legal research will be covered. Emphasis will be placed on

research techniques and sources that students will need to rely upon in their practice of

law. (Prerequisite: None)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4132 Public Law 1 (3 cr)

This course introduces students to the histories, theories, institutions, concepts &

principles of domestic public law (in particular English & Bahamian public laws). It

provides a foundation for Constitutional Law and Administrative Law. Topics include:

the State and public law; the development of the State, public law & the concept of

constitutionalism; the sources of public law; the institutions & structures of public law;

public law principles.

More specifically, public law is concerned with the exercise of governmental power by

the state, in particular the judicial, legislative and executive branches and their inter-

relationships. Under the rule of law, governmental power is constituted and

constrained by law. Public law has two fields: constitutional law and administrative

law. Constitutional law encompasses the laws and practices that

structure government, determining how government is organised, its powers and

functions. It is especially important in a federation, where power is divided between the

national/Commonwealth level and the various States. Constitutional law is also

concerned with fundamental rights, e.g. the freedom of political participation, where

they are protected by law. Administrative law sets out the basic principles for the

exercise of executive or administrative power by 'the Crown', including government

agencies and statutory bodies. Administrative law offers special remedies and

complaint measures to those whose interests are affected by official actions which do

not meet key principles of law (such as due process) or good governance. Under the

doctrine of responsible government, Ministers and their agencies are also meant to

be answerable to parliament.

Constitutional and administrative laws interact dynamically, so public law questions

often involve both fields. Whether legislation is valid is a question for constitutional

law. Whether an official has acted within the law is typically answered by administrative

law. Public law seeks to ensure the legality and accountability of official actions. The

three branches of government check and balance each other. In some instances, formal

legal accountability is offered via judicial remedies. But accountability is not only found

in such avenues. Political accountability, rooted in representative and participatory

mechanisms such as electoral democracy and parliamentary oversight, is also

important. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4134 Commercial Law (3 cr)

This course covers all the core areas of general commercial practice, including agency

and distribution agreements; sale and supply of goods and services; international sales

contracts; credit and security; bills of exchange; competition law; intellectual property

law and commercial contracts including specimen sets of terms of sale and purchase.

Diagrams and examples ensure that the practical aspects of the subject area are

emphasized, while the detailed coverage gives students a good introduction to the

practitioner style texts they will use once in practice. The text offers an excellent bridge

between the notes, exercises and case studies provided by lecturers, giving students a

well-rounded view of commercial law. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4135 Criminal Law and Procedure 1 (3 cr)

This course studies the general principles that underlie statutory criminal liability,

including a consideration of their judicial application in the context of selected offenses

and defenses. It also provides in-depth consideration of the Fourth Amendment's

protection against unreasonable search and seizure, the Fifth Amendment's right

against compulsory self-incrimination, and the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel, all

with particular emphasis on the judicial interpretation of the application of these

constitutional provision's within the context of police investigation of crime.

(Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4211 Law of Contracts 1 (3 cr)

This course studies the law governing contracts and contractual relationships. The

course introduces the student to contract formation, performance, and non-

performance, and explores the role of contract law in a market society. This is a two-

semester examination of the law of contractual obligations, legal limitations on the

bargaining process, claims and defenses related to breach of contract, and remedies for

breach. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4214 Criminal Law and Procedure 2 (3 cr)

This course is a continuation of Criminal Law and Procedure 1. It examines issues that

arise in the formal processing of a criminal case. Statutes, case law, and rules will be

discussed concerning bail and preventive detention, discretion to prosecute, speedy

trial, discovery, double jeopardy, plea bargaining, trial by jury, confrontation, cross

examination, and the exercise at trial of the privilege against compelled self-

incrimination. (Prerequisite: LLB 4135)

LLB 4218 Effective Legal Studies (3 cr)

Students learn about the Bahamian, UK and American court systems; visit the

courthouse in The Bahamas; and are introduced to the steps in litigation from the time

the client walks in the door until the last appeal is over. Emphasis is placed upon

improving the students' writing skills through use of case briefing and legal analysis.

Students also learn about the different types of law: criminal, tort, contract, family, and

constitutional. Finally, students are taught how to use the law library so that they can

research basic questions relating to various statutes, regulations, and court opinions.

With an emphasis on critical reasoning and researching skills, students will further

develop their skills of legal analysis, research, and writing in the context of learning the

basics of various substantive areas of law, including business organizations, torts,

contracts, and property law. In addition to being the focus of an independent unit,

specific topics in legal ethics will be discussed throughout the course. Students subscribe

to Lexis and are introduced to the basics of performing online research. (Prerequisite:

None)

LLB 4220 Public Law 2 (3 cr)

This course is a continuation of Public Law 1 and builds upon knowledge of the key

concepts and institutions of the UK and Bahamas constitution and will focus on the role

of the law in the constitutional control of public power. Critical engagement with the

history and development of the control of public power will highlight the dynamic and

changing nature of the UK and Bahamas’ constitutions, whereas application of the

theoretical knowledge gained in the class to an actual clinical case will enable the

students to gain an insight into the practical, factual, procedural, ethical, justice and

political dimension of Public Law. Part 1 of the course will revise the mapping of the

constitution undertaken in Public Law 1 and will introduce the idea of control of public

power. Part 2 focuses on the control of administrative action, both by the judiciary and

by ombudsmen. Part 3 moves to the protection of individual rights, focusing on judicial

protection but also encompassing the role of human rights institutions in the UK and

The Bahamas. Part 4 considers the future control of public power and highlights topical

debates concerning constitutional reform in this area. (Prerequisite: LLB 4132)

LLB 4224 Law of Contracts 2 (3 cr)

This course is a continuation of Law of Contracts 2. This course studies the law

governing contracts and contractual relationships. It introduces the student to contract

formation, performance, and non-performance, and explores the role of contract law in

a market society. (Prerequisite: LLB 4211)

LLB 4226 Legal Drafting (3 cr)

Students will build on their theoretical knowledge of the law and develop clear and

effective communication skills through drafting legal documents for use by clients of law

firms, corporate employers and government. This course will teach students the

fundamentals of drafting contracts. Students will learn how to understand a client's

business deal, and how to translate the deal into contract concepts, the building blocks

of contracts. Through drafting exercises and projects, students will learn the process for

drafting the contract concepts in clear and unambiguous provisions in a well-organized

complete contract that reflects the parties' deal accurately. Students will learn how to

add value to a client's deal by drafting and recognizing nuances in language that change

the deal and shift risk between the parties. Students will learn how to analyze and

comment on a contract that another lawyer has drafted. Students will learn the best

drafting style and usage techniques necessary to enhance clarity and avoid ambiguity.

(Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4230 Consumer Law (3 cr)

Students will study various types of fraud, deception and other unfair trade practices in

transactions in which one party is a consumer. The course will explore substantive areas

such as Truth in Lending, credit reporting and identity theft, debt collection harassment

and related practices, fraud connected with motor vehicle sales and financing and the

Lemon Law. Included are consideration of applicable litigation techniques, as well as

disclosure, cooling-off periods, rescission rights, contract restrictions and other

available consumer protections. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4233 Finance and Investment Law I (3 cr)

This course provides practitioners with a useful and comprehensive discussion of

finance and investments as it is developing and where it is going in light of new legal and

tax rules. This is the first time that internationally recognized lawyers and economists

share their knowledge, expertise, and insights in this important and growing industry.

This course also examines cutting edge techniques and analyses the recent tax and legal

developments coming out of Washington, all of which are revolutionizing the

investment in and financing of energy and environmental projects.

This course brings together all of the most important treaties, regulations, and other

documents in the areas of finance and investments. This course covers matters relating

to the three main pillars of international economic law, namely world trade law,

international monetary law, and international investment law. This broad focus enables

students to view international economic law in its breadth. (Prerequisite: None)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4311 Company Law 1 (3 cr)

This course combines a comprehensive and authoritative exploration of law and practice

with an examination of the theoretical issues, making it ideal for both students on

degree courses and those taking professional examinations. This course will cover the

UK Corporate Governance Code 2010 and case-law developments including: The

Supreme Court decision in Re Paycheck 3 Services Ltd on meaning of de facto director;

Recent decisions regarding derivative claims - Kiani v Cooper, Mission Capital v

Sinclair, Iesini v Westrop Holdings; Consideration of the implications of Eurosail,

Bloom v Pensions Regulator, Goldacre, and Re Stanford International; and important

new case-law on schemes of arrangement including Re Bluebrook and Re Lehman Bros

International (Europe); among others. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4314 Equity and the Law of Trusts I (3 cr)

This course is a comprehensive scope of the content and the high level of critical

analysis. It offers the students a rigorous and yet clear account of equity and trusts law.

The reason people create trusts in the first place is explored and the lecturer will focus

on carefully explaining each new concept. Diagrams offer a fresh way of explaining

particularly complex or abstract concepts. Students will be given a glossary to aid them

in familiarising themselves with technical and specialist terms.

This course also will cover the Charities Act 2006, which for the first time contains a

statutory definition of charity and makes considerable changes to its regulation, and so

far as relevant the Mental Capacity Act 2005, which introduced a lasting power of

attorney. Important recent developments will be covered that include those in relation

to the common intention constructive trust and shared homes, proprietary estoppel, the

accessory liability principle (knowing assistance), the intervention of the court in the

exercise by trustees of their discretionary powers, freezing injunctions and injunctions

in relation to invasion of privacy. (Prerequisite: None)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4326 Company Law 2 (3 cr)

This course is a continuation of the Company Law 1 course and covers a well sourced

collection of legislation for the core subjects and major options offered on a law syllabus.

This course covers extensive research into the content of law courses; titles are reviewed

based on detailed market feedback. This course examines the increasing significance of

companies in contemporary society. It addresses fundamental issues of the law affecting

these organisations, including the idea that a company is a distinct ‘legal person’. The

course considers the powers and duties of those involved in companies, and the

consequences of a company failing to meet relevant legal standards of conduct. The

course deals principally with the law of England and Wales and will cover laws of The

Bahamas as well. (Prerequisite: LLB 4311)

LLB 4328 Equity and the Law of Trusts 2 (3 cr)

This course is a continuation of Equity and the Law of Trusts Part 1. It will focus on

aspects of equity and trusts in two specific contexts: commerce and the home. It will

cover novel conceptual approaches to two significant arenas in which equitable

doctrines like the trust are deployed. In the context of commercial activity the course

will also cover the manner in which discretionary equitable doctrines are avoided but

also the significant role which the law of trusts plays nevertheless in commercial and

financial activity. In the context of the home to consider the various legal norms which

coalesce in the treatment of the home: whether in equitable estoppel, trusts implied by

law, family law, human rights law and housing law. (Prerequisite: LLB 4314)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4330 Ethics Morality and the Law (3 cr)

The goal of this course is to ask what it means to be an ethical lawyer, to practice law

and live with integrity. Students are challenged to find their own ethical and moral

voices and to make the decisions they will face in the practice of law consciously.

Students will cover the legal and non-legal research on ethics, morality and cognitive

psychology. Through these researches and classroom discussions, students will explore

their own ethical concepts.

Students consider these issues in two ways. First, students are asked to take positions

and make the kind of judgments lawyers make about what clients to take and what

strategies to pursue in the course of representation. Students reflect on their judgments

and explore other approaches. Second, students are asked to consider situations they

have encountered in their lives (often non legal) that challenged their integrity. Students

address ethical issues in the way they most frequently arise: in complicated, messy,

human interactions, where multiple issues arise at once, where there are often no good

answers, and where the Rules of Professional Responsibility provide little or no

guidance or require conduct many find difficult to follow. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4331 Federal & State Constitutional Law (3 cr)

In this course, students study areas of constitutional law that are essential for an

understanding of the fundamental concepts and the unique complexion of the

Australian Constitution. These topics include: the historical context - pre-federation, the

colonial constitutions - application of the British parliamentary system, the drive for

federation, the textual structure of the Australian Constitution, Federalism, Federal

division of powers, Separation of powers doctrine, various Legislative powers:

Corporations and External Affairs, the Crown and Executive power, Judicial Power,

Express/Implied rights, the Fiscal powers, Intergovernmental Immunities, Influence of

International Law, and policy considerations. (Prerequisite: LLB 4115)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4410 Civil Procedure (3 cr)

This is an introductory course to the basic concepts of the law of civil procedure as a

foundation for advanced study in both civil procedure and other areas of substantive

law. It provides the student with an overview of procedure in a civil action and examines

in detail the traditional bases of in personam, in rem, and quasi in rem jurisdiction of

state and federal courts; the constitutional mandate of due process as it relates to notice

of actions and the opportunity to be heard in them; federal question and diversity

jurisdiction in the federal courts; venue of actions; modern systems of pleading and

their historical antecedents, including the complaint, the answer, challenges to the

pleadings, amendments, and the joinder of claims and parties. (Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4412 Evidence (3 cr)

This course explores the rules for fact finding in the judicial process, with particular

emphasis on the federal rules of evidence. Topics covered include judicial notice, real

and demonstrative evidence, relevance, authentication, competence and examination of

witnesses, impeachment, expert testimony, hearsay, privileges, and burdens of proof.

(Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4414 Law of Remedies (3 cr)

This course on the law of judicial remedies includes the law of damages, which ranges

over the entire field of substantive private law, including the law of contract, tort, and

property.

Students will cover an examination of the issue of remedies, which is crucial to civil

litigators in that it provides critical insights into specific legal rules and arrangements.

Students will also learn from a theoretical perspective, an understanding of the

principles governing the choice of remedies and the methods of quantifying damages

reveals much about the nature of the common law process.

This course illustrates the breadth and depth of attention that is now accorded to the

study of remedies throughout the common law world. Also, the value of fruitful

exchanges will be demonstrated across common law jurisdictions that have much to

gain from learning of one another’s experiences, thereby enriching the body of

knowledge for a system that is inherently built upon discrete and incremental case law.

(Prerequisite: None)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4421 Jurisprudence (3 cr)

This course on Jurisprudence is excellent for students new to legal theory and looking

for a convenient and interesting starting point for this sometimes daunting subject.

Students will be introduced to key theories and theorists in a compact and manageable

format, offering an accessible account of the central ideas without oversimplification.

Further students will be given reading suggestions, which are included throughout the

course, helping students to structure their research and navigate the many texts and

articles available in this subject area.

Students of this course will cover critical questions in this subject to encourage them to

think analytically about the law and the key ideas and debates which surround it.

(Prerequisite: None)

LLB 4425 Structure of Private Law (3 cr)

This course is designed to reflect the reality of legal practice throughout the EU. The

private international law of the Member States is increasingly regulated by the EU,

making private international law ever less 'national' and ever more statutorily based.

Consequentially EU law in this area has penetrated national law to a very high degree,

making it an essential area of study for law students, and an area of increasing

importance to practising lawyers throughout the world. This course provides a thorough

overview of core European PIL, including the Brussels I, Rome I and Rome II

Regulations (jurisdiction, applicable law for contracts and tort). Students will also cover

matters that deal with current and cutting-edge developments in the areas of PIL and

insolvency, information, communications and technology, corporate social

responsibility and intellectual property. (Prerequisite: None)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

LLB 4437 Advocacy (3 cr)

The goal of this course is to sharpen the student’s skills as an appellate advocate. The

course focuses on effective strategies and techniques of persuasion in the appellate

forum. Students will practice drafting each critical part of an appellate brief and

presenting a complementary oral argument. The course culminates in the submission of

a final brief and the presentation of oral argument before a panel of outside judges.

(Prerequisite: None)

**Elective (3 cr) (see listing)

Non-Law Electives:

** Students are required to complete eight (8) non-law elective courses, with only four

(4) being from the lower level, from any combination of the following list of majors of

the bachelor’s degree programmes:

SOC 2113 Sociology (3 cr)

This course covers the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. It focuses

on the influence of social relationships upon people’s attitudes and behavior and on how

societies are established and changed. This course provides students with both

methodologies and knowledge of the study of critical social issues ranging in scope from

family to global. (Prerequisite: None)

BED 3213 History of The Bahamas (3 cr)

This course is about the history of the Bahamas. It covers details of how The Bahamas

became the society it is today since Columbus Day. Students will learn of the island of

San Salvador, which is thought to be Columbus’ first landfall. Students will also briefly

cover things about the people today. (Prerequisite: None)

PHL 3114 Philosophy (3 cr)

This course is an introduction to some of the major problems, methods and insights of

philosophy with readings from both classical and contemporary sources. (Prerequisite:

None)

PSY 3221 Psychology (3 cr)

This course is a survey of the study of behavior and mental processes with emphasis on

the scientific nature of contemporary psychological investigation. Students will cover

the following topics: research methods, the biology of behavior, sensation and

perception, stress and adjustment, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, emotion,

life-span development of behavior, personality, abnormal behavior and its therapies,

social behavior and individual differences. (Prerequisite: None)

BED 3224 History of The West Indies (3 cr)

This course is an advanced examination of the history of the West Indies with special

attention to the various colonial heritages, the commonality of the African heritage,

slavery and its abolition, independence movements, economic and political problems,

and efforts toward federation. (Prerequisite: None)

BED 3227 Ancient History (3 cr)

This course in Ancient History covers the Greek and Roman civilisation; life and

livelihood in ancient Athens; Augustus and the Roman world; myth and literature;

aspects of love, intimate relationships in the ancient world; the archaeology and history

of the ancient world. (Prerequisite: None)

GSD 4111 Use of English (3 cr)

This course is based on the premise that writing is a varied and imaginative process, not

a rigid adherence to a set of conventions. We continually exhort students to find and

celebrate their own voice. Indeed, it is structured to walk students through the main

elements of the writing process within the span of a semester. At the same time, it

allows for many detours in the step-by-step approach, with frequent reminders that

everyone's processes are unique.

The objective of this course is to improve students’ skills in the use of English and to

focus on thesis statements, clear topic sentences, coherent paragraphs, and strong

introductions and conclusions. Students will also learn and understand how to fix

common problems of elaboration, coherence, organization, and style. (Prerequisite:

None)

LAN 4111 Spanish for Business Communication (3 cr)

In the long term the students must have attained sufficient competencies in the target

language to pursue a conversation with a native/non native speaker during the course of

which basic comprehension is effected. This course will also train students to

communicate with individuals in the business community as well as teach them how to

write memos, letters, reports and other documents in Spanish.

The objective is geared toward developmental progression of competency in the

components of speaking, listening, reading and writing. Communication will be focused

on an attempt to equip the student with a view to handling himself/herself with life

skills on relevant everyday situational topics, such as: personal information, travel and

holidays, and shopping. Pronunciation mastery will be enhanced through tapes.

(Prerequisite: None)

PSY 4111 Introduction to Social Psychology (3 cr)

This course is designed to introduce and improve students with the social psychological

issues that bear on the business. It also includes the approaches to adopt in meeting

such requirements. The major development in the field of social psychology will be

looked at, including the human being, as the focal point and point of interaction. Our

study will include the intra-personal phenomena which normally have profound effect

on the individual attitude structure, attitude changing mechanism, self identification,

and factors that motivate peoples and their emotions. The impact of the other

influencing agents such as the family, peers, groups, social acceptance and rejection, and

social conflicts will be studied confirming or contradicting the individual personality

traits theory. (Prerequisite: None)

LAN 4112 Introduction to French (3 cr)

This course covers the handling of immediate context of daily experience in spoken and

written French; identifying, describing and characterizing people, objects, places, and

events; giving information and instructions; issuing simple commands. This course is

taught in French. (Prerequisite: None)

LAN 4114 Mandarin (Chinese Language) (3 cr)

The purpose of this course is for students to speak, read, and write Chinese at a basic

level. This course will focus on the Chinese Pinyin Romanization system, Chinese

simplified characters. This course also covers some aspects of Chinese cultures, e.g.

dining with chop sticks and festivals in China. (Prerequisite: None)

LAN 4116 Latin (3 cr)

This course on Latin exposes students to the language, culture and history of the

Romans. This is an introduction to the language and emphasizes comprehension of the

Latin language by reading it and thus understanding the social and political history of

the Romans, especially during the first century AD, emphasis on daily life and a great

number of exercises. The result of the student’s study of Latin is improved knowledge of

both English vocabulary and grammar, an expanded understanding of the relationship

of the ancient world to his or her own, and appreciation of other foreign languages and

culture. (Prerequisite: None)

BLS 4218 Geography of The Bahamas (3 cr)

This course will focus on the study of the economic and human geography of The Bahamas,

emphasizing the interdependency between humans and the land in a country covering

hundreds of islands, stretching from the coast of Florida to Haiti.

In this course the physical landscape is described as a background to the activities of

humans in exploiting the natural resources in agriculture, forestry and fishing and in the

development of manufacturing, offshore financial services, tourism, transport and trade.

The distribution and movement of people in The Bahamas, including the special

relationship with Haitians, is explored, while the development and growth of Nassau

and Freeport and the problems of conservation and pollution are analysed.

(Prerequisite: None)

BBA 4315 Applied Macro-Economics (3 cr)

This course discusses the overall economy, establishing macro-economic concepts,

meaning and scope, and their impact on the economy. The short-run macro-economics

in respect of fiscal policies, exchange rate regimes’ policies and stabilization measures as

they impact the economic situations will be explored and critically discussed for

students’ full understanding showing the source of fluctuations and any adverse or

reccessionary trend. In this course, we examine the market environment and consider

the regulation policies, seeing the impacts of control measures and reform policies

adopted. Basically, issues such as the nature of market controls, reform policies, and the

level of competition would be examined rationalizing the best significant approaches to

economic stability and growth.

Additionally, this course focuses on the national income and expenditure patterns and

the multiplier effects on the economy, considering specifically the capital and saving

indexes, the money supply level, interest rate level and its impact, the government fiscal

policies, the purchasing power parity, budgetary balances, the GNP and per capita

income, noting the national debt issues and the impact of national debt on the economy.

This course will cover various economies, in particular, the Bahamian economy.

(Prerequisite: None)

BBA 4412 Public Policy Analysis (3 cr)

This course is an introductory course in policy analysis and it examines the conceptual

foundation of their policy making and the rationales in all policy making processes. We

focus on the practices of public policy and provide students with reality-based practical

advice about how to actually conduct policy analysis. We also demonstrate the

application of advanced analytic techniques.

The course is designed to cover very broad aspects of the policy analysis issues, such as

the efficiency and the idealized competitive model, rationales for public policy, generic

policies, the solution and adaptability of the policy analysis problem, the

goals/alternatives policy directions, policy analysis benefit-cost analysis, policy adoption

and implementation. Additionally, we will look at the dynamic processes of policy

making and analysis and the impact of policy changes, reflecting on the business

implications. (Prerequisite: None)

BLE 4422 Criminology (3 cr)

This course introduces the student to the basic theories, fundamental facts, and

problems associated with the science of criminology, while providing a systematic basis

for the study of criminals, and criminal behavior as it relates to the criminal justice

system in the Bahamas. This course will provide an overview of a variety of

criminological theories. Attention will be directed toward the study of the major

theoretical schools of thought which have influenced the discipline of criminology. The

basic goal of this course is to help the student develop an understanding of and

appreciation for the insights gained by examining crime and criminals through different

theoretical frameworks. (Prerequisite: None)

BMS 4411 Sociological Perspectives (3 cr)

This course introduces to the students the sociological foundations of the society and the

interaction processes, focusing on the developing of the sociological outlook, awareness

of the cultural differences in policy matters and the change in the global and modern

societies.

The studies focus on the concept of culture, its internalization processes, socialization

and the transformation of the views, perception and attitudes of the members of the

various societies, and its impact on the organization and the global business

environment. The processes or agencies of cultural socialization would be looked and

reviewed. As in any cultural setting, conformity and deviance are always treated with

estrangement and other forms of isolation, even among deviant nations to acceptable

international standards of mutual conventions. Hence, our study examines the

processes of acceptance, enforcing compliance and reprehension. (Prerequisite: None)

PLS 4414 Political Science (3 cr)

This course is an introduction to the study of political behavior, processes and

institutions. It also includes a discussion and comparison of political ideas, theories,

systems and policies. Focus on analysis of political problems on a national and global

level, as well as a definition of central concepts. (Prerequisite: None)

Law Electives

** Students are required to complete three law elective courses from the following list,

which varies from year to year, but currently includes:

LAW 4130 Business Organisations and Company Law (3 cr)

This course focuses on the corporate form of business organizations from a legal

perspective, emphasizing the policy issues underlying the European regulation.

It is aimed at the study of the most frequent legal forms of business organizations

within the European Union (corporations), taking into account the efforts undertaken

in Europe to unify the legislation of the different Member States. The course examines

the relevant models of organizations in a comparative perspective, looking at national

and European legislation, and considering the experience in the United States.

Corporate decision making process and financial structure will be examined. In

addition, the course pays particular attention to the role that plays the rules of

corporate governance, their different application, and the consequences of the

financial crisis on these practices. Policy issues will be emphasized, and economic and

cultural arguments will be taught to provide the students with accurate analytical tools

in order to examine different legal solutions. (Prerequisite: None)

BHR 4211 Employment Law /Labour Law (3 cr)

This course explores common law, statutory and constitutional regulations of the

employment relationship in both the private and public sectors. Considerable time is

devoted to the study of wrongful discharge law. Other topics covered include employee

privacy rights, statutory wages and hours protection, occupational safety and health

regulation; family leave policies; employer- provided fringe benefits (e.g., health

insurance and retirement benefits); and workers compensation laws. The course also

focuses on the employee disabling injury and illness, discharge, unemployment

conditions and entitlement, and retirement conditions. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4234 Competition Law (3 cr)

This course in Competition Law enables you to get to grips with the most important

legal aspects of competition law and policy in Europe. During the course, you examine

the origins and goals of European competition law and discuss the way the law deals

with restraints on competition. You also address the question of whether corporate

social responsibility should be included in competition law. As part of the course, you

also conduct a comparative study of competition legislation from the EU, the USA and

the Caribbean, in particular, The Bahamas. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4316 Constitutional Law of the USA (3 cr)

This course examines the law and politics of civil liberties and individual rights in the

United States through close reading of United States Supreme Court cases and related

material. The course focuses on the Bill of Rights, with an emphasis on the First

Amendment, and the Fourteenth Amendment, paying close attention to the way in

which constitutional interpretation has shaped the political and legal struggle over

issues such as privacy, segregation, desegregation and affirmative action, abortion, free

speech, religious liberty. (Prerequisite: LLB 4115)

LAW 4329 Domestic and International Banking Law (3 cr)

This course examines the behaviour of banks in the context of Economic theory, the

Legal framework, Institutional environment and historical development. The course

facilitates the development of team working and report writing. The content of the

course includes: Financial Intermediation and the Financial System, Banking Structures

of Industrialised Countries, Banking Structures of Developing countries, Retail,

Wholesale and International Banking Models of the Banking Firm. Others are: Theories

of Credit Rationing, Securitisation and various lending techniques, Theory of

Regulation, Deregulation and Free Banking, Banking Efficiency and Structure Conduct

Performance, Overview of Banking in Europe, Banking Structures of West Africa and

Regulation of Banks and the Financial Industry. Attention will also be given to deposit

contracts and insurance. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4332 Environmental Law (3 cr)

Environmental law is one of the most dynamic and exciting areas of legal practice, and it

plays a pivotal role in protecting our personal health and welfare, guiding economic

development and business life, and shielding our most precious natural treasures and

resources from misuse or harm. Environmental lawyers explore and apply a complex set

of federal and state statutory protections, administrative regulatory prohibitions, and

convoluted judicial interpretations. We will explore this broad field together with three

goals: to acquaint you with the unique aspects of environmental law and how they

present important challenges and opportunities, to help you hone the thinking and

analytical skills that govern this area (as well as other legal fields with strong

administrative or regulatory dimensions), and to give you a practical sense of the key

tools and materials you would need to start handling environmental projects.

This course will use a combination of lectures, class discussions, case studies, in-class

exercises and sample problems. Where possible, students will be introduced to real-life

on-going matters and projects to provide an opportunity to wrestle with some of the

most active questions in current environmental practice. Role-playing exercises will be

used to give students experience in environmental negotiations and enforcement

situations. Guest lecturers prominent in environmental law will also lecture to the

students. Students will also visit sites with particular environmental interest.

(Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4333 European Human Rights Law (5 cr)

The main purpose of this course is to provide an overview of the protection of human

rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. What are human rights, what is their

scope, how are they balanced against public policy aims, what happens when different

human rights clash, by which means are they protected? Do we have common standards

throughout Europe? What is the impact of human rights on diverse, and often

controversial, issues like hate speech, combat of terrorism, police maltreatment, the

fairness of (criminal) trials, access to secret files, et cetera? How does the enforcement

mechanism of the European Convention on Human Rights work? Is the long-term

effectiveness of the European Court of Human Rights guaranteed? What will be the

relationship between the "Strasbourg" system and the European Union? The course

explores how the Court has transformed human rights formulated in the 1950’s into

modern day provisions extending to the rights of transsexuals, environmental

protection, euthanasia, abortion and to the right of individuals to protection of the state

in horizontal relationships. At the end of this course students have to know how to

efficiently and effectively read judgments and decisions of the European Court of

Human Rights. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4334 Family Law (3 cr)

This course introduces the numerous subject areas which comprise family law today

starting with the often complex federal and state laws and cases on how to define a

family. In addition to the traditional topics, such as marriage, parent-child

relationships, divorce, property division, maintenance, child custody and child support

issues, the course covers premarital, cohabitation and postmarital contracts, paternity,

adoption, assisted conception, the role of the lawyer in family law, and alternative

dispute resolution. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4335 Issues in International Human Rights Law (3 cr)

This course provides students with an opportunity to explore multifaceted approaches

to human rights advocacy in both domestic and international settings. Through Clinic

projects and weekly seminars, students focus on a wide range of issues at the heart of

struggles to ensure fundamental rights, substantive equality, and economic and social

justice. In the fieldwork component of the Clinic, students use cutting-edge tools to

investigate and document rights abuses and formulate legal, policy, and community-

based responses to current human rights problems. Students work closely with

grassroots human rights organizations, international NGOs, and U.N. human rights

experts and bodies. Fieldwork has focused on a wide range of issues nationally and

abroad, including: economic and social rights; human rights and counter-terrorism;

business and human rights; and the human rights of groups marginalized on the basis of

caste, ethnicity, race, religion, gender, and sexuality, among other categories.

(Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4415 Intellectual Property Law (3 cr)

This course focuses on the protection of proprietary rights in inventions, writings,

creative expression, software, trade secrets, trade designations, and other intangible

intellectual products by federal patent, copyright, trademark and unfair competition

law, and by state trade secrecy and unfair competition law. Consideration will be given

to the challenges posed for traditional intellectual property paradigms by new

technologies and the shift to an information-based economy. This course is designed for

the non-specialist, but also serves as a foundation for the specialist. Students will also

thoroughly examine the wide range of laws regulating intellectual property nationally

and internationally. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4416 International Law (3 cr)

This course covers specific, most important, and acute problems of international law:

issues recently on the program of the United Nations International Law Commission;

recent cases of the International Court of Justice or other courts and tribunals; most

important issues discussed by the doctrine; practical issues of international law.

Students will also cover issues including customary rule of international law; general

principles of law; responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts; reservations

to treaties; international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not

prohibited by international law; unilateral acts of states; diplomatic protection; question

of the protection and inviolability of diplomatic agents and other persons entitled to

special protection under international law; legality of nuclear weapons; use of force in

international relations (Kosovo, Afghanistan); issues relating to international terrorism;

status of combatants; status of detainees in international armed conflict, and their

protection in the course of criminal proceedings. Also included in the topics for

discussion would be intellectual property international issues. (Prerequisite: LLB 4132)

LAW 4417 Public International Law (3 cr)

This course on Public International Law covers that body of law which regulates nation

States and which States feel bound to observe. It also seeks to order human affairs at the

international level. As developments in technology and travel continue to shrink the

distance between States, issues of International Law become increasingly important.

This course lays the foundation for an understanding of this system of law, how it works

and its relationship with domestic law. It will challenge students to critically analyse the

international legal system and suggest ways in which the rules and principles can and

should develop in the future in order to accommodate the changing needs and values of

the international community of nations. As well as discussing the theoretical

background to established and emerging principles of International Law, the course

looks at its practical application by analysing leading cases and considering how

International Law impacts upon and is highly relevant to virtually all important events

in contemporary international relations.

On successful completion of the subject, students will have a basic understanding of

Public International Law, including its relationship with international relations,

international politics and the development of multilateral cooperation to address

problems and issues of global concern. (Prerequisite: LLB 4132)

LAW 4426 Law of Landlord and Tenant (3 cr)

This course on the Law of Landlord and Tenant covers the recent increasing shift

towards litigation, as well as the pre-occupation with human rights and consumerism.

This unique approach provides the students with detailed insight into the development

of this important area of law. Students will also have discussions on the impact of the

Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 and the Land Registration Act 2002, as

well as new cases regarding many aspects of the common law of landlord and tenant,

including cases in The Bahamas. (Prerequisite: None)

LAW 4427 Maritime Law (3 cr)

This course covers the laws dealing with all aspects of ocean transportation as applied in

The Bahamas, the United States, England and other jurisdictions. The course starts with

an overview of the background and development of admiralty and maritime law in The

Bahamas and the United States, the scope of admiralty jurisdiction, and some of the

procedural problems that are common to the resolution of disputes by admiralty courts

and maritime arbitrators. Issues relating to the uniformity of maritime law and

preemption of various jurisdictions will be discussed.

The course will cover most substantive areas of maritime law, including marine

insurance, carriage of goods, charter parties, maritime casualties, limitation of liability,

personal injury, and marine pollution and protection of the environment. The role of the

international registries and government regulation of ocean shipping will be discussed.

Students may, if they wish, supplement the class work and final examination with a

short paper aimed at developing skills in researching the maritime law of The Bahamas,

the United States, England, and civil law jurisdictions. (Prerequisite: None)